Author Archives: Bora Zivkovic

Basic and oh-not-so-basic science blog posts

You probably know that John Wilkins has been collecting a list of science blog posts under the heading of Basic Concepts in Science – where various science bloggers (and not only Seed sciencebloggers) took some time to explain some very basic terms, concepts and ideas in various scientific disciplines.
Recently, John also started collecting another list of blog posts, these a little more difficult to comprehend (perhaps necessitating reading the Basic posts first) – the Intermediate concepts in science. Check them out.

BlogTogether.org

Yesterday, a bunch of us (e.g., Paul, Brian, Ruby, Wayne, Jackson, Mark and me) got together for tea at Anton’s house, analyzed the past year of bloggy activity and plotted to take over the world next year: meetups (a.k.a. beer-blogs-bowling events), science blogging conference, faithblogging, foodblogging, storyblogging and other events we are thinking of doing over the next year.
The second Science Blogging Conference was a great success (see the ever-growing list of blog posts about it) and we intend to do it again next year. But this is certainly not the only thing we at BlogTogether do, online or offline. Monitor our blog for updates throughout the year and subscribe to our mailing list to stay in touch.
If you live in the Triangle area of North Carolina and are interested in our online community and want to do something new or help us do something that’s on our plan, read this and holler – everyone’s welcome.

Darwin Quotes

Charles_Darwin.jpgTo suppose that the eye, with all its inimitable contrivances for adjusting the focus to different distances, for admitting different amounts of light, and for the correction of spherical and chromatic aberration, could have been formed by natural selection, seems, I freely confess, absurd in the highest possible degree. Yet reason tells me, that if numerous gradations from a perfect and complex eye to one very imperfect and simple, each grade being useful to its possessor, can be shown to exist; if further, the eye does vary ever so slightly, and the variations be inherited, which is certainly the case; and if variation or modification in the organ be ever useful to an animal under changing conditions of life, then the difficulty of believing that a perfect and complex eye could be formed by natural selection, though insuperable by our imagination, can hardly be considered real.
– Charles R. Darwin,
Support The Beagle Project
Read the Beagle Project Blog
Buy the Beagle Project swag
Celebrate Darwin Day
Prepare ahead for the Darwin Bicentennial
Read Darwin for yourself.

Interviews

How do you like the daily interviews?
I thought that would be great PR for the Conference – both with the interviewees saying nice things about it, and just showcasing what a nice bunch of people showed up this time around. Perhaps this will make more people think seriously about coming next year.
And I thought it would be nice when some of the people say nice things about science blogs, scienceblogs.com, Seed, PLoS, Open Access, me, etc.
And I thought that would be an easy way for me to get 40-something days worth of interesting posts without too much work.
But I never expected that I would enjoy reading them as much as I do. All the people are even more fascinating than I thought. Even people who I know well reveal something new I did not know before. Great fun for me!
Seven have been posted so far. I have 12 more lined up for the next 12 days, another seven I am waiting for answers from, and another 24 I still have to send questions to. I am sending them in a staggered way and publishing them in order I get them.
Just wondering if you all also enjoy reading them as much as I do?

“When copies are free, you need to sell things which can not be copied!”

Kevin Kelly wrote an excellent and thought-provoking post: Better Than Free – if I find some time I will write more about it later. But for now – it is The Obligatory Reading of the Day and I welcome your reactions.
(Hat-tip: Bill)

My picks from ScienceDaily

You Are What You Eat: Some Differences Between Humans And Chimpanzees Traced To Diet:

Using mice as models, researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology traced some of the differences between humans and chimpanzees to differences in our diet.

Migrating Birds Detect Latitude And Longitude, But How Remains A Mystery:

Eurasian reed warblers captured during their spring migrations and released after being flown 1,000 kilometers to the east can correct their travel routes and head for their original destinations, researchers report.

Conspicuous Social Signaling Drives Evolution Of Chameleon Color Change:

What drove the evolution of color change in chameleons? Chameleons can use color change to camouflage and to signal to other chameleons, but a new paper shows that the need to rapidly signal to other chameleons, and not the need to camouflage from predators, has driven the evolution of this characteristic trait.

Why Scratching Relieves An Itch:

In the first study to use imaging technology to see what goes on in the brain when we scratch, researchers at Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center have uncovered new clues about why scratching may be so relieving — and why it can be hard to stop.

Destined To Cheat? New Research Finds Free Will Can Keep Us Honest:

With the start of the New Year millions of Americans have resolved to lie less, cheat less, put the holiday hangovers behind them, or otherwise better their lives. Some will moderate their bad habits; others may make significant changes and become shining examples of integrity. But most of those well-intended New Year’s resolutions are destined to fail. In an age where cheating scandals plague elite universities and major corporations are brought down by unethical actions, the debate about the origins and nature of our decisions play into a larger debate about genetic determinism and free will.

My picks from ScienceDaily (the Sleep edition)

Daytime Nap Can Benefit A Person’s Memory Performance:

A brief bout of non-REM sleep (45 minutes) obtained during a daytime nap clearly benefits a person’s declarative memory performance, according to a new study.

People Had More Intense Dreams After Sept. 11, 2001, Sleep Research Shows:

The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, changed our lives in a number of different ways, not only socially and politically, but also in the way in which we dream, according to a new study.

Election 2008: Sleep Deprivation A Tough Opponent For Presidential Candidates:

The field of presidential contenders dwindled Wednesday when former New York Mayor Rudy Giuliani and former Sen. John Edwards (D-N.C.) dropped out of the race. As Super Tuesday approaches, however, the Democratic and Republican frontrunners will continue to face a formidable challenge from sleep deprivation.

Brain Region That Can Be Stimulated To Reduce The Cognitive Deficits Of Sleep Deprivation Identified:

A Columbia University Medical Center research team has uncovered how stimulation of a particular brain region can help stave off the deficits in working memory, associated with an extended sleep deprivation.

Periodic Leg Movements Predict Total Sleep Time In Older People With Cognitive Impairment, Sleep Disturbance:

A higher periodic leg movement index (PLMI) predicted less sleep at night in older people with cognitive impairment and sleep disturbance, according to a new study.

Respiratory Disturbances During Sleep Increase Significantly With Age:

The frequency of respiratory disturbances increases dramatically with age, even in healthy individuals without symptoms or signs of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, according to a new study. An increase in the prevalence of sleep apnea syndrome with age has been well documented. This study focused on breathing irregularities during sleep in 163 people who are currently completely healthy, as assessed by passing numerous physical and clinical health tests. The results showed that, in this group of currently completely healthy individuals, irregularities in breathing during sleep are remarkably common, particularly in older individuals.

Four Days Of REM Sleep Deprivation Affects Forebrain, Long-term Memory In Rats:

Four days’ exposure to a REM sleep deprivation procedure reduces cell proliferation in the part of the forebrain that contributes to long-term memory of rats, according to a new study.

Changes In Narcoleptics’ Skin, Core Body Temperatures Affect Their Vigilance And Sleepiness:

In healthy people, both sleepiness and vigilance show a relationship with core body temperature and skin temperature. When core body temperature is high during the daytime, skin temperature is low, which translates into optimal vigilance. Conversely, when core body temperature is low at night time, skin temperature is high, which correlates to optimal sleep. Among those suffering from narcolepsy, however, direct manipulations of their skin and core body temperatures affect their vigilance and sleepiness, according to a new study.

Blogrolling for today

The Digital Cuttlefish


The Technium


Space Exploration and Us!


Sweet Jesus I Hate Chris Matthews


ThePoliticalCat


Moue Magazine


Cafe Philos: an internet cafe


Riverside Rambles

Bone anatomy

Oh, how I wish eSkeletons website existed back at the time I was teaching anatomy! Very, very cool! You can focus on human bones only, look at movement, insertions and origins, etc. Or you can make comparison between bones of several primates. Thanks Anne-Marie.

Buffy and C.S.I in the Writing Lab: Interview with Jennifer Ouelette

Jennifer Ouelette runs the delightful blog Cocktail Party Physics . She has published two popular science books: The Physics of the Buffyverse and Black Bodies and Quantum Cats and was the Very Special Blogging Star Speaker at the Science Blogging Conference two weeks ago.
Welcome to A Blog Around The Clock. Would you, please, tell my readers a little bit more about yourself? Who are you? What is your background? What is your Real Life job?
I’m Jennifer Ouellette, a self-employed science writer specializing in physics and associated topics, although my interests veer into other scientific disciplines from time to time. My blog is called Cocktail Party Physics, and it’s populated by my avatar/alter ego Jen-Luc Piquant, who is far more stylish and snarky than I could ever be. My Real Life Job is somewhat ironic, because I majored in English and suffer from math-phobia (although I’m working on countering the latter); most science writers have at least one degree in a scientific field. I was also raised by hardcore fundamentalist Christians, and was pretty much steeped in that world through college. Somehow I found my way into science and rational thinking. And tied it all together with my love for writing.
What do you want to do/be when you grow up?
In my fantasy life? A forensic pathologist! Blame my fondness for C.S.I. and Bones, and all those forensics documentaries on The Learning Channel before it was over-run with reality shows.
When and how did you discover science blogs? What are some of your favourites? Have you discovered any new cool science blogs while following the Conference?
I discovered them by accident. I started Cocktail Party Physics somewhat reluctantly at the advice of my publisher just before my first book came out, and found I loved it. One of the reasons I loved it was because there were all these other science blogs out there, having substantive, fun, lively conversations about science. I read a lot of blogs, and skim the SEED ScienceBlogs combined feed to keep at least marginally abreast of what’s going on in other fields (perhaps pointing out Neurophilosophy for its good writing and an interest in history of science). My new favorite blog is Tom Levenson’s Inverse Square blog. I met him at the conference, and we have a shared love of quirky science history. Plus, he’s a fine writer!
Your blog is very popular. What’s your secret? And what good did blogging do for you?
I forget sometimes that the blog is popular, so it’s nice to hear. 🙂 Probably the smartest thing I did starting out was to keep the focus sufficiently narrow so my topics weren’t all over the place, but sufficiently broad so I didn’t run out of stuff to write about in the first 6 months. Especially since my definition of “physics” kind of bleeds into things like chemistry, neuroscience, epidemiology, science communication, and the like.
In terms of raw traffic, I probably get fewer hits than the biggest science blogs out there: I write longer posts, and post less frequently, and that translates into lower traffic. But that’s not necessarily a bad thing. I think there’s room in the blogosphere for all kinds of different bloggy formats, and different approaches draw different readers at different times. I find that folks tend to check in on Cocktail Party Physics less frequently, but when they do, they come prepared to sit back and enjoy a good read. And hopefully leave some substantive comments. So find your niche, a format that works for you, and isn’t too onerous, so you don’t burn out, and stick with it for as long as you love it. It takes time to build up a solid readership.
As for what I personally get out of blogging — well, certainly I’ve made lots of new friends because of it, and yes, I did meet my shiny new husband, Caltech cosmologist Sean Carroll (of Cosmic Variance), because we read each other’s blogs. I was actually a confirmed singlet, quite happy in that state, and not “in the market” for a spouse at all. Ditto for Sean. But it was such an obviously perfect match, we succumbed to the inevitable. 🙂 And now I’m living in sunny Los Angeles instead of the frigid Northeast.
Most importantly, the blog gave me back my writer’s “voice.” When I was first starting out as a science writer, I didn’t have as much confidence as those with actual degrees, so I tended to write more stiffly and seriously. Can you say “over-compensation”? But I’d always write lengthy, lively personal letters and (later) emails to friends, who would sometimes comment, “Why don’t you write like that about science?” Maybe science writing wasn’t ready for that back then, but it is now. I think I was always a blogger at heart: I just had to wait for the format to be invented. I suspect lots of people feel the same way.
SBC%20Saturday%20013.jpg
At the Conference, you said that your blog is your “writing lab”. What does that mean?
Well, it certainly has improved my writing by loosening up my style a little — for better, or worse, I leave to the discretion of the reader. 🙂 It certainly makes for a more appealing, populist approach to science writing. The blog is also where I explore concepts, topics and ideas that catch my fancy. I do a bit of background research, write up a blog post, and sometimes discover there’s enough substance there to spin into a larger article for a magazine, or work into a book. I’d have to do that initial research phase anyway to write a compelling “pitch” for an editor, and writing a blog post on a topic helps me get my thoughts straight, particularly if it’s a new area for me.
The blog also gives me a chance to latch onto one aspect of a science story in the news, and explore the underlying science a bit more in-depth: e.g., a new nanotech device that exploits capillary forces inspired a post about capillary action and ice flowers — I stumbled on ice flowers while looking into capillary forces, was fascinated, and though it wasn’t “newsworthy” according to our current 24/7 media cycle, I felt it was still worth exploring, just for personal curiosity. The blog gives me the leisure to do things like that. In the long run, I’d argue that it makes me a better science writer.
There are blogs and then, well, there are blogs…. How would you design a system in which deserving bloggers get paid for their work?
This notion seems to be more controversial than I’d expected. There will always be a place for the unpaid idealistic blogger — I count myself among them — but increasingly, blogging is moving into professional circles, with a corresponding need for establishing credibility and authority. This is especially true of science blogs, and/or blogs written by science writers. To do that will require a much greater effort at quality control. Those willing to put in the extra effort to meet that higher standard should be reasonably compensated for their efforts. Not all science bloggers have the kind of day jobs that give them the freedom to do this for free indefinitely.
It takes a lot of work just to dash off a reasonably factual post at Cocktail Party Physics — I spend a minimum of four hours on each post, sometimes longer. It would take twice as much time, at least, to bring the quality up to what I’d consider a professional standard. People sometimes compare my posts to actual published magazine or newspaper articles. They’re not. They’re subjective, a bit snarky, a bit unfocused, with lots of extraneous personal details woven into them. Plus, there are still typos, there’s no firsthand interviews with scientists, the links are mostly to Wikipedia and a handful of online resources that I find credible, but they’re not exhaustive and, well, I could be wrong! I’d rather make my errors in a blog post and be corrected immediately, than make them later on in a published article. But if I were blogging professionally, these are all things I’d have to correct.
I doubt at this point that I’d take the cocktail party professional; I enjoy the breezy informality and the right to ramble on and bore my readers if I so choose. Right now, the intangible payoffs outweigh the lack of economic payback. I’m just saying, for those who want to become professional bloggers, they should be able to do so, and should be fairly compensated. I don’t have an easy answer, or a template for doing so. But I think one will evolve. And soon. It shouldn’t just be folded into an existing job description as an afterthought: “And by the way, on top of all your other duties, we expect you to produce a professional-grade blog.” That’s just not realistic.
Is there anything that happened at the Conference – a session, something someone said or did or wrote – that will change the way you
think about science communication, or something that you will take with you to your job, blog-reading and blog-writing?

The informal discussion format was a terrific idea. I gained some new perspectives in the session on blogging and journalism, and wish I’d been able to hear more of the discussion on blogging in education, because I think that’s going to be a powerful tool in the near future. I found the whole conference so energizing, and I’m honored to be part of such a smart, vibrant community.
It was so nice to see you again and thank you for the interview.
You too!
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Check out all the interviews in this series.

Today’s Carnivals

Circus of the Spineless #29: Making A Living is up on Andrea’s Buzzing About

When Time Stood Still!

At Grand Central Station:

(From, Via)

Darwin Quotes

Charles_Darwin.jpgI believe from what I have seen Humboldts glorious descriptions are & will for ever be unparalleled: but even he with his dark blue skies & the rare union of poetry with science which he so strongly displays when writing on tropical scenery, with all this falls far short of the truth. The delight one experiences in such times bewilders the mind … The mind is a chaos of delight, out of which a world of future & more quiet pleasure will arise. — I am at present fit only to read Humboldt; he like another Sun illumines everything I behold.
– Charles R. Darwin,
Support The Beagle Project
Read the Beagle Project Blog
Buy the Beagle Project swag
Celebrate Darwin Day
Prepare ahead for the Darwin Bicentennial
Read Darwin for yourself.

I inform people against their will!

I’ve heard this one last year (02.16.2007) but heard it again today (it will probably re-air tomorrow – check your local NPR station) – the This American Life episode about Quiz Shows. It was composed of three stories:
The first one is kinda weird – the guy was lucky with questions on the Irish version of Who Wants To Be A Millionaire, he was shy and this win gave him self-confidence, and he is using the money to live and to help other people.
The third story totally floored me – I hope someone like Zuska or Amanda or Echidne does the analysis of it – it is about a failed quiz show for girls. Intended to showcase how smart the girls are it ended up showcasing how stupid they were, to the horror of the question-writer for the show. It really made my jaw drop and I don’t know what can be done!
But the second story, a fun story about a puzzle competition at MIT, had a snippet (between minutes 42 and 45 when you click on “Full episode” (I don’t see a transcript anywhere) that really made me raise my eyebrows. One of the competitors is talking about his life, his work at Hallmark and his colleagues there. One day, they go out to lunch (the guys from Humor department, thus presumably intelligent, curious and funny) and someone mentions the Hallmark cards that show chimps yet use the word “monkeys” to describe them. The guy tells them a little bit about the difference between monkeys and apes, a little trivia about errors in “The Planet of the Apes” and a tiny little bit about Prosimians. The other guy’s response? “Speaking of animals, would you like to see the rat’s ass that I give?” Wow! Anti-intellectual and proud of it?! The guy’s thought: “Oh, that’s my problem: I inform people against their will!”
And that is, in one sentence, the problem with science communication – we try to inform people against their will.
Discuss.

Blogroll Amnesty Day

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Jon Swift and Skippy are reminding us that this weekend is the time for the annual Blogroll Amnesty Day.
The rule is to highlight, link to, and add to one’s blogroll, some deserving blogs that have smaller traffic than you. Now, it’s sometimes not easy figuring out who has what traffic – if you really like a blog you probably think the traffic there is higher than it is.
Also, I have real trouble picking just a few. Go and check my Blogroll – it’s huge! And only a few of them are Big Dawgs. Most are rather smallish blogs. Check them out, at least some of them.
I have been really busy lately so I have not updated my blogroll in a long time. I intend to add all the blogs I mentioned over the last few months in my Blogrolling For Today posts, so check those out as well.
But before I go ahead and turn my monstrously big Blogroll into something even bigger, please let me know, in the comments, who is still missing from it yet deserves to be there? Is it your blog? Give me the URL.

Today’s Carnivals

History Carnival #61 is up on Historia i Media

How was it for you? Interview with Graham Steel

Graham Steel attended the Science Blogging Conference last week – but only virtually! He has been a strong proponent of Open Access, frequent commenter on PLoS ONE articles, a patient advocate and, more recently, a blogger on his own.
Welcome to A Blog Around The Clock. Would you, please, tell my readers a little bit more about yourself? Who are you? What is your background? What is your Real Life job?
Dear Squadron Leader Zivkovic. Thanks for inviting me to contribute.
I remain a McNative and McResident of Glasgow, Scotland. For the last 20 years, my real life job has been dealing with motor insurance claims. Crash, bang, wallop, ouch, compo…
I suppose I’ve always been interested in science and technology though and as of 1999, for personal reasons, medical matters too. In some of my spare time, I decided to become involved in the charitable sector in 2001. Here is some background. Also see my profile at Nature Network for my current specific interests. Glycobiology is what I am particularly interested in.
Connecting people is my strongest attribution. I started doing this when I was four. Whilst I had completely forgotten, my Mum reminded me last week that when I grew up, a neighbour a few doors up (“Aunty Mamie”) most generously included a four year old kid in her Will.
What do you want to do/be when you grow up?
To be honest, I would dearly love to be a full time professional lion tamer or maybe I simply have watched too much Monty Python… But seriously, I’ve started to get involved in formally collaborating with scientists/researchers and have a handful of manuscripts under construction. One of these includes a collaboration with someone from Sb…
If some or all of these get accepted for publication, judging from any feedback received, I’ll take it from there. Since I’m interested in wide readership, all of these manuscripts are destined for OA Journals.
You were not physically at the Conference, yet you followed it virtually – by watching the streaming video of sessions in real time, participating in the chatrooms, reading and commenting on the participants’ blog and on the Conference wiki. Next year we will try to stream all the sessions in real time – will that dissuade you from travelling or is there something about physical presence that you have missed by being thousands of miles away?
Well, I really enjoyed the Conference despite not attending in person. As you know, I blogged about my experience here . Whilst I got quite a buzz from “attending” my first Conference online, I personally would have preferred to have been there in person as I intend to be next year. That said, from my experience, from a technical perspective, what the organizers achieved was second to none and anyone interested in attending next year who is unable to be there in person, I can highly recommend virtual participation.
Graham%20Steel.jpg
When and how did you discover science blogs? What are some of your favourites? Have you discovered any new cool science blogs while followin the Conference?
I have an interesting response – Shakespeare!!! It was this blog posting by Tara C Smith that was my introduction to science blogs. I think I spotted this about 18 months ago. I was alerted to the Macbeth/Prion story about 4 years ago by the then head of the UK’s National CJD Surveillance Unit so I found it interesting that the story had come up again.
Yes, I have a several favourite science blogs and have included most of them in my blogroll . Following the Conference, I have indeed discovered some more cool science blogs. Overall, there’s so much to choose from at Sb’s and elsewhere and since I’ve now got such a diverse array of interests, it’s kinda hard to keep up with it all really…. “Refine” springs to mind.
The blogosphere is awash with science blogs. A quick check confirms that over 40 posts have been posted in the last hour alone… I just spoke to my rocket science contact (Prof F. Magnet) who said that statistically, that’s almost one per minute. Mazing !!
How did you end up being a blogger and where does the pseudonym ‘McDawg’ come from? You have your own personal blog and have recently joined the crew on the JoVE blog. What do you want to accomplish with your blogging?
A film-maker friend of mine from Kent, UK spent a year in Minnesota with wife and son in 2006. He set up a website and blog about their travels and recommended that I started my own blog.
Largely thanks to Coturnix, I picked up some of the basic required skills and I now blog about something at least every couple of days. Indeed I do also now contribute to the JoVE blog and it’s cool to be part of the JoVE crew.
When I started blogging, I was keen to retain my Scottish identity, hence why I chose McDawg and McBlawg as my blogger name and the name of my personal blog respectively.
I much enjoy the two-way interaction with a blog as opposed to a ‘traditional’ website. I wanna have fun with my blogging but also want to cover some important issues too. This has been reflected in my blogging thus far.
I want to achieve as much as possible and who knows what might, will or won’t come out of all of this.
You are a strong proponent of Open Access (OA) publishing. Why? What is your personal history regarding scientific publishing?
This one reminds me of a classic British “The Young Ones” episode from the 1984 called ‘Time‘:
RICK: Eh? [laughs, gets the joke] Well, what can I say? Have you got a spare couple of days?
NEIL: Yeah.”
Yes I am Bora. My in depth thoughts/experience in this regard are contained in a Paper currently under construction – I completed my contribution a couple of months ago. In the meantime, it is worth flagging up this McDawg blog post which is very relevant and remains the most linked thus far. PLoS Pathogens was the first OA Journal that I came across mid 2006.
Not only could I access the Paper I was looking for, but the real eye opener was that I was able to access the entire Journal!
I recently did an extensive interview about my interests in open collaborations, OA etc. and the edited MP3 is scheduled to be broadcast/uploaded fairly soon here.
One of my main eternal frustrations remains not being able to share my extensive library of papers due to Draconian copyright restrictions. Creative Commons is a dream come true….. Indeed, I’m wearing one of my PLoS t-shirts right now =) Prof Lawrence Lessig, you remain a STAR !!
You do a lot of experimenting with music and video online. Can you tell us more about it?
Again, this (the music stuff) was covered in the afore-mentioned interview. I suppose the geek side of me is interested in experimenting in seeing what sizes/quality of files can be uploaded and streamed etc. Thanks to the Conference, I made contact with Deepak Singh since we share a lot of common interests.
Is there anything that happened at the Conference – a session, something someone said or did or wrote – that will change the way you
think about science communication, or something that you will take with you to your job, blog-reading and blog-writing?

Nothing in particular really jumps out as it was all so interesting. What I did learn though is, much more than before, how significant blogging is these days and how the role of a blog/blogger is going to continue to become a really important one. This is especially so in many important areas such as science. I’m all in favour of Science Debate 2008
It was so nice to see your online participation in the Conference – I hope you come in person next year, and thank you for
the interview.

I had been looking forward to the event for many months so I wanted to be as involved as possible via the 2.0 world wide interweb. Thanks Bora and we will hopefully meet in person next year.
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Check out all the interviews in this series.

Darwin Quotes

Charles_Darwin.jpgWe can allow satellites, planets, suns, universe, nay whole systems of universe[s,] to be governed by laws, but the smallest insect, we wish to be created at once by special act.
– Charles R. Darwin,
Support The Beagle Project
Read the Beagle Project Blog
Buy the Beagle Project swag
Celebrate Darwin Day
Prepare ahead for the Darwin Bicentennial
Read Darwin by yourself.

My picks from ScienceDaily

New Species Of Giant Elephant-shrew Discovered:

When Francesco Rovero first saw the image captured by one of his automatic cameras in a remote Tanzanian forest, he knew he’d never seen anything quite like it. It was the size of a small dog, covered in orange and gray fur, and had a long snout like an elephant. Its markings and general appearance suggested it was a member of the elephant-shrew family, called a sengi in Swahili. Today, the Journal of Zoology reports that Rovero discovered a new species of giant elephant-shrew.

Anne-Marie has more.
Cats’ Family Tree Rooted In Fertile Crescent, Study Confirms:

The Fertile Crescent of the Middle East has long been identified as a “cradle of civilization” for humans. In a new genetic study, researchers at the University of California, Davis, have concluded that all ancestral roads for the modern day domestic cat also lead back to the same locale.

Greg Laden has more.
Blue-eyed Humans Have A Single, Common Ancestor:

New research shows that people with blue eyes have a single, common ancestor. A team at the University of Copenhagen have tracked down a genetic mutation which took place 6-10,000 years ago and is the cause of the eye colour of all blue-eyed humans alive on the planet today.

Which became obvious once Larry shaved off his mustache.
Lusty Voles, Mindless Of Danger, Mate Like Rabbits:

Forgetful Casanovas are lucky in love. At least that’s how University of Florida researchers interpret the results of new research on the mating habits and nervous systems of prairie voles. An article about the research, which examined both the voles’ behavior and their brains, appeared recently in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Hmmm, this is something I expect Kate will blog about soon…that’s right up her alley.

Thanks…

…to Melissa, Greg, Ed, Mustang Bobby and Rook for linking to my Mom’s series of posts this week.

Welcome the newest SciBling!

Go say Hello to Green Gabbro!

Nice article on Coworking

Carrboro Commons interviews Brian Russell about Carrboro Coworking. As a telecommuter, I am quite likely to participate in this. I’ll keep you posted….

Today’s Carnivals

The 79th Skeptic’s Circle – Rollin With Teh Lol-ling – is up on Podblack Blog
February 2008 edition of Bio::Blogs is up on Bioinformatics Zen.
Friday Ark #176 is up on Modulator

Per Holothuroidea Ad Astra: Interview with Sheril Kirshenbaum

Sheril Kirshenbaum took the science blogging world by storm last year when she guest-blogged on The Intersection while Chris Mooney was traveling. When he came back, he had to face the outcries of his commenters, begging him to keep Sheril permanently as a co-blogger, which he gladly accepted. If you attended the Science Blogging Conference last week, you saw Sheril speak at the panel on Framing Science.
Welcome to A Blog Around The Clock. Would you, please, tell my readers a little bit more about yourself? Who are you? What is your background? What is your Real Life job?
Hi Bora, Thanks for inviting me to A Blog Around The Clock!
I work at the Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions at Duke University. Before I landed there, I was a Sea Grant Fellow for Sen Bill Nelson (D-FL) where I advised on ocean, energy, and environmental policy. In grad school I studied marine biology and policy at the University of Maine where I studied the reproductive biology, population dynamics, and associated socioeconomics of the sea cucumber. I also spent a few years as a radio personality. These days I host The Intersection with Chris Mooney and contribute to Correlations for Wired Science. The coolest thing I’m involved in now is ScienceDebate2008 and I’m proud A Blog Around The Clock is part of the growing blogger coalition supporting the initiative. Chris and I are on the steering committee along with all sorts of interesting folks. It’s pretty amazing.
What do you want to do/be when you grow up?
I haven’t decided yet. And I’m not sure I’ll ever be done growing up for that matter.
You started blogging relatively recently, yet immediately became a scienceblogging star. How did that happen?
Well I’m not sure I’d call myself a ‘scienceblogging star’, but I’ll take the compliment. I began blogging after November 7, 2006 because I promised my students I’d begin writing if the Dems took the House and Senate. When Chris and I were introduced, we immediately recognized we were kindred spirits and while I’m not a practicing Bokononist, I’m certain we share a karass. Chris has been a tremendous mentor and friend throughout this adventure in blogging and taught me a great deal over the past year. I think readers may enjoy our blog in part because it’s obvious we have a lot of fun collaborating and exchanging ideas.
Sheril%20interview%20pic.jpgYou have been one of the movers and shakers behind the Science Debate 2008. Can you tell my readers more about it?
Of course! ScienceDebate2008 is a collective nonpartisan Call from everyone to make science and technology a priority in the national dialog. From human health to climate change to the genome, science impacts our lives in a myriad of ways. A debate wouldn’t be a pop quiz, but rather an opportunity to find out where the candidates stand on arguably the most significant issues we will face as a nation and global community. Our co-chairs are Vern Ehlers and Rush Holt–scientist congressmen across party lines. Cool, eh? The initiative was started by my friend Matthew Chapman – Darwin’s great great grandson and screenwriter on films like Runaway Jury. We’re a volunteer motley crew of writers, scientists, and leaders in business, religion, congress, and beyond. Everyone is encouraged to get involved. I’m very proud to be part of this effort and it’s also been incredibly fun! Readers can expect more exciting news on ScienceDebate2008 over the coming weeks 😉
Can you explain what Saving Species initiative is all about?
Sure. My friend and colleague Stuart Pimm began a wonderful nonprofit called SavingSpecies.org which reforests habitat in developing countries in places we call hotspots–where there is the greatest biodiversity, generally in the tropics. In short, he’s selling carbon, but what makes this different from the ‘feel good’ carbon offset programs is it’s completely transparent and real – translation: it does something tangible. It’s one of very few such efforts I believe in wholeheartedly and the land also supports a tremendous number of endangered species so the benefit is twofold. All the details are on the website and there’s a 60 second PSA that gives you the general idea. Here in the blogosphere, we’re about to begin a large scale effort to raise funds for Saving Species. It’s a wonderful opportunity for all the folks who often write in saying they want to ‘do’ something, but don’t know how. Here’s a way to take action in a very visible and real way!
What are your plans for the future (at least what you are willing to disclose) in your life and work?
Writing. Music. Art. Working toward better conservation in practice. Changing perceptions and expectations. Encouraging young people to pursue science and think independently. I’m enjoying where I am now and not quite making a plan. I really like not knowing what’s next… it keeps life interesting!
When and how did you discover science blogs? What are some of your favourites? Have you discovered any new cool science blogs while at the Conference?
I discovered science blogs through Chris. It opened my eyes to a new world of new media! Blogging has been an amazing experience because I’m challenged everyday to learn and grow and think and turn ideas upside down and reexamine what I thought I knew. From there and back again, a blogger’s tale. My favorite blogs include A Blog Around The Clock, Gene Expression, Evolgen, Shifting Baselines, Zooillogix, and so many more! I love the science blogs that offer interesting information and manage to make me laugh in the process. At the conference I discovered Jonathan Gitlin’s Nobel Intent.
Is there anything that happened at the Conference – a session, something someone said or did, a new friendship – that will change the way you think about science communication, or something that you will take with you to your job, blog-reading and blog-writing?
I made several inspiring new friends involved in all sorts of interesting projects and have some ideas for exciting collaborations…
It was so nice seeing you at the Conference and thank you for the interview.
Bora, you’re incredible! Blogging aside, I’m so happy we’re pals! Thanks for inviting me to visit A Blog Around The Clock!
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Check out all the interviews in this series.

Memories of War, Part V (guest post by Mom)

Many of you have been moved by my Mom’s five-part guest-blogging on Holocaust Children (part I, part II, part III, part IV and part V), so I asked her to let me reproduce here her wartime story, as it appeared in the first volume in the series We Survived published by the Jewish Historical Museum in Belgrade.
It appeared here in five installments starting Monday and going throughout the week at the same time of day. This is the last part. Please ask her questions in the comments. Proceed under the fold:

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Darwin Quotes

Charles_Darwin.jpgI have called this principle, by which, each slight variation, if useful, is preserved, by the term of Natural Selection.
– Charles R. Darwin, The Origin of Species (ch. III)
Support The Beagle Project
Read the Beagle Project Blog
Buy the Beagle Project swag
Celebrate Darwin Day
Prepare ahead for the Darwin Bicentennial
Read Darwin by yourself.

Who’s scooping whom and why this matters?

Aetosaurs. No, I have not heard of them until now. But that does not matter – the big story about them today is the possibility – not 100% demonstrated yet, to be fair – that some unethical things surround their discovery and naming. And not just Aetosaurs. Some other fossils as well.
As I am not on the inside loop of the story, you need to first read the background story on Aetosaurs by Darren Naish – Part 1 and Part 2.
Then, carefully read Darren’s today’s post and responses by Laelaps, Cryptomundo and Paleochick.
For the ethical side of the story, read Janet’s take.
For the gory details of the story, read the timeline, the entire collection of information and the brief summary of it.
Finally, this was all made public today in an article in Nature. In short, it appears that a group of people have made it a habit to scoop their colleagues by publishing other people’s information (shown by colleagues in private) and naming species faster by using their in-house Journal.
Now imagine a world in a not-so-distant future….
You just spent a long, hard, but exciting day in the Gobi desert. You finally get to eat dinner and shower and get back to your tent and turn on your computer. You post on your blog:
“Gobi. Day 23. It was a very exciting day today – we struck gold: an apparently well-preserved fossil of something that is clearly in the X family, and perhaps related to Y species, but astragalus is so weird – look at this picture of it [insert a photo of the bone]. This is most certainly a new species. It will take a year or two to dig this thing out, clean it up, analyze it and publish the full description, but for now, we name it Blogosaurus….”
And there is a time-stamp on the blog post. And a bunch of palaeo-colleagues post congratulations in the comments. And it is aggregated by a bunch of sites (ResearchBlogging.org, Connotea, etc.).
Scoop that if you can!
Everyone knows that you, indeed, are in the Gobi, as they know about your grant proposal for it and they have been following your blog daily, including all the pictures from the trip. They know they did not just see you two hours ago sipping tea in the faculty lounge at your University. They post congratulatory posts on their own blogs. They discuss the pictures and early descriptions that you posted. Over the next months and years, they keep up with the digging, cleaning and analysis by reading your blog. They come to visit and help with analysis. They teach about it in their classes. Finally, when you publish the official description of the Blogosaurus, they add comments on the paper itself.
Of course, as they all also keep blogs, they have changed the official rules of naming, allowing for official publication no matter how many times the name has been mentioned elsewhere, offline or online (as long as the description was not published in another taxonomy journal). And if they discovered that you kept another fossil find a secret, at least for a while, that would raise all sorts of red flags: was there something fishy about the fossil? Why didn’t you immediately tell the world about it if everything was legit? That kind of secretive behavior is automatically suspect, and considered unethical and anti-social.
Sunlight is the best disinfectant…

Intelligently Designed DNA

Someone did it.
Get a prize if you correctly identify which one is intelligently designed.
In both cases, the designer was an intelligent…..human. Of course. No media reports yet of bioengineering labs run by chimps, dogs, elephants or dolphins.

What He Says! Interview with Deepak Singh

deepak.jpgDeepak Singh blogs on business|bytes|genes|molecules and, as the cartoon below testifies, has built for himself quite a reputation as an authority on the questions of Open Access and the future of science communication on the Web. We first met at Scifoo last summer and it was great pleasure to host Deepak here on my home grounds at the Science Blogging Conference last week.
Welcome to A Blog Around The Clock. Would you, please, tell my readers a little bit more about yourself? Who are you? What is your background? What is your Real Life job?
That’s a great question. I am a bit of a nomad having lived in three countries and eleven cities (currently living in the Seattle area). My scientific background is in quantum chemistry and molecular simulation, but I consider myself a bit of a hybrid between a structural biologist, computational chemist and bioinformatician. Over the past seven years, I’ve worked in the bioinformatics/scientific software industry as a developer, product manager and now as the strategic planning manager at Rosetta Biosoftware.
What do you want to do/be when you grow up?
I used to remember what the answer to that was, but now I am just trying to figure out when I’ll grow up.
When and how did you discover science blogs? What are some of your favourites? Have you discovered any new cool science blogs while at the Conference?
I’ve been a web junkie since 1994, so science blogs came along the way. Been reading some regularly for over three years. My favorites include Public Rambling (Pedro Beltrao), What You’re Doing is Rather Desperate (Neil Saunders), Discovering Biology in a Digital World (Sandra Porter), Freelancing Science (Pawel Szczesny), and In the Pipeline (Derek Lowe). But there are so many more. If you ask me tomorrow, you might get a different answer. I discovered Ryan Sasaki’s ACDlabs blog at the conference, which was really cool. It’s good to see a software company actively encourage blogging and Ryan has a fine blog.
Pierre%27s%20cartoon%20on%20Deepak.jpegHow is scientific publishing going to look like in 20 years from now? How will this affect the way science is done in the first place? And, how do science blogs fit in that ecosystem?
Anyone who has read my blog can probably guess my answer to this one. I strongly believe that scientific communication in 20 years will look significantly different from what we see today. My hope is that we have multiple avenues for publishing scientific information, including peer-reviewed publications, blogs, wikis, etc and the media will vary as well. In some cases people will use more traditional forms, in others video may be used. I hope this means people do science for the sake of good science, and not to get a publication done, or in the hope of finishing a PhD fast, or getting tenure. I am also convinced that the vast majority of (if not all) scientific publishing will be open by that time.
Science blogs will be one part of a highly interlinked ecosystem. Actually, I’ve stopped thinking of blogs as an entity by themselves. They are just another avenue for writing and publishing, one particularly suited to individuals or small groups
You developed Bioscreencast – can you tell us more about it?
Well, it’s not quite correct to say that I developed it. That credit goes to my friend Suresh who has written most of the code. The idea of Bioscreencast happened when an old friend of mine Hari (harijay.wordpress.com) and I started talking about his new passion for screencasting and the traffic some of his screencasts had seen on YouTube. Bioscreencast was the result of those discussions. There are five of us involved, with backgrounds in structural biology, molecular biology and engineering, so it’s an interesting mix. In our minds, Bioscreencast is an avenue for informal scientific communication. Lets say you have your favorite application and want to share your workflow with the rest of the world. You can turn on your favorite screencasting tool and record your actions with a short narrative. It’s simple, yet very powerful. Our hope is that over time, young graduate students and even undergrads will use the service to learn workflows and share them with each other.
What are your plans for the future (at least what you are willing to disclose) in your life and work?
I am passionate about open science and the role of the internet and computing in the future of science and hope to be actively involved in those areas, both professionally and personally. One of my 2008 goals is to start programming again and doing some science as a hobby, but also to develop proofs of concept that highlight open science and the web as a platform for science. Of course, work and travel keep me busy, so hopefully there will be some opportunity to sleep along the way. We also have some big plans for Bioscreencast, which should come to fruition this year. And some day, I want to make a trip to Africa and spend time at Ngorongoro Crater and Serengeti. It’s a childhood dream.
Is there anything that happened at the Conference – a session, something someone said or did, a new friendship – that will change the way you think about science communication, or something that you will take with you to your job, blog-reading and blog-writing?
Nothing specific comes to mind, but I’ve been thinking a lot about science communication in the days since the conference, especially how we, as scientists, can communicate with the non-scientific community, and how we can leverage different media forms, especially video.
It was so nice seeing you at the Conference and thank you for the interview.
Always good to see you and thanks for organizing the conference. I hope to be back next year.
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Cartoon by Pierre Lindenbaum
Check out all the interviews in this series.

Memories of War, Part IV (guest post by Mom)

Many of you have been moved by my Mom’s five-part guest-blogging on Holocaust Children (part I, part II, part III, part IV and part V), so I asked her to let me reproduce here her wartime story, as it appeared in the first volume in the series We Survived published by the Jewish Historical Museum in Belgrade.
It will appear here in five installments starting Monday and going throughout the week at the same time of day so please come back and you can ask her questions in the comments. Proceed under the fold:

Continue reading

ClockQuotes

One world at a time.
– Henry David Thoreau

My picks from ScienceDaily

The Eyes Have It: Researchers Can Now Determine When A Human Was Born By Looking Into The Eyes Of The Dead:

Using the radiocarbon dating method and special proteins in the lens of the eye, researchers at the University of Copenhagen and Aarhus can now establish, with relatively high precision, when a person was born. This provides a useful tool for forensic scientists who can use it to establish the date of birth of an unidentified body and could also have further consequences for health science research.

Cats’ Family Tree Rooted In Fertile Crescent, Study Confirms:

The Fertile Crescent of the Middle East has long been identified as a “cradle of civilization” for humans. In a new genetic study, researchers at the University of California, Davis, have concluded that all ancestral roads for the modern day domestic cat also lead back to the same locale.

Microbes As Climate Engineers:

We might think we control the climate but unless we harness the powers of our microbial co-habitants on this planet we might be fighting a losing battle, according to an article in the February 2008 issue of Microbiology Today.

In Nature, And Maybe The Corner Office, Scientists Find That Generalists Can Thrive:

The assignment of duties in a single cell, ocean life or even a small business does not have to be defined by a division of labor where every individual has a specific role, according to biologists at Ohio State University.

Developing Better Forage For Feeding Hungry Cattle Year Round:

A herd of hungry cattle isn’t a pretty sight. So scientists with the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) are developing forage grasses that provide nutritious forage to livestock in the southern Great Plains throughout the year.

NCSU helps Baghdad Zoo veterinarians

From Russ Williams, director of the N.C. Zoo Society.

Edwards speech in New Orleans today (video)


Good first responses on blogs:
Jonathan Cohn
Christy Hardin Smith
Pam Spaulding
Melissa McEwan
David Sirota
Chris Bowers

Bloggers….In…..Spaaaaace! Interview with Talia Page

Talking Science is a new non-profit that’s dedicated to bringing the latest discoveries, innovations, controversies and cures out of the lab and to the public. It was founded by Ira Flatow, host of NPR’s Science Friday. As a part of this effort, Talia Page is one of the bloggers for Science Friday and Talking Science Abroad. Talia came to the Science Blogging Conference as a part of the Science Friday delegation.
Welcome to A Blog Around The Clock. Would you, please, tell my readers a little bit more about yourself? Who are you? What is your scientific background? What is your Real Life job?
Scientific background? Uh, oh. I really don’t have a scientific background, Bora. My formal studies are in French literature and I only recently discovered a passion for science. My interests have always tended to lean heavily towards the arts and it was only last year, thanks to a meeting with Ann Marie Cunningham (the Executive Director of Talking Science), that I realized how much more interesting the arts can be with a dash of science. Now I am working as a Project Manager for Talking Science, so I have the good fortune of talking to scientists and science film makers every day. I had no idea that a real job could be so fascinating …I think I’m pretty lucky.
What do you want to do/be when you grow up?
I would like to be an astronaut and a writer when I grow up. I’m happy to report a good amount of progress: I have one of those “space pens” that can be used to write up-side down and a reservation on the Virgin Galactic, so I feel fairly well prepared.
Something I, unfortunately, learned only after the Conference was over (or I would have asked you in person) – you will be flying to space! How did that happen?
I was boring a friend of mine about a book I am writing about globalization and third world countries. When I asked him if he would read such a book, he was obviously tired of hearing about land mines in Cambodia and said, “You should launch yourself into space–it would be a fascinating chapter for your book. Let me know when you’ve written about that, Space Cadet, then I’ll read your book.” His words rang true, and also cured my writers block. I was having some difficulty deciding how the book would end, and an excursion to look at Earth from above will be a perfect ending.
Did you always dream of going into space?
Yes.
Tell us more about the trip: when, how long, who else is going? What do you know about the spaceship you will be traveling on?
The first launch will be in late 2009 if everything goes as planned, and the trip will be short and sweet. From start to finish, it’s scheduled to last 2.5 hours, 5 minutes of which will be spent at zero gravity.
The spaceship itself (White Knight Two) features lots of enormous windows, for viewing pleasure of course. There’s room for six passengers, plus two pilots. However, the ship is not made solely with space cadets in mind–the idea is to launch other payloads into space as well. In terms of structure, the White Knight Two will be comprised completely of composite materials and fueled by a hybrid rocket. I’ll write a blog entry soon about Branson’s plans to make the ship as environmentally friendly as possible, so stay tuned…
There are around 200 interesting characters signed up. Here are some highlights: Stephen Hawking, Victoria Principal, Philippe Starck, Professor James Lovelock, and Alan Watts (who bought his ticket by cashing in on two million air miles).
You have just started a blog (Space Cadet ) to cover your preparation for the flight and to tell us your experiences afterwards. Do you think you will be able to push another boundary and be the first person to liveblog the flight from space?
Sure! Why not?
Are you scared?
No, but I probably should be though. Richard Branson said it would be as safe as going on an airplane built in the 1920’s!
Talia%20Page.jpg
When and how did you discover science blogs?
I actually found science blogs through Museum of Life + Sciences on Facebook. Troy Livingston always posts great stuff.
What are some of your favourites?
There are about a dozen that I enjoy browsing on a regular basis. Your blog, The Intersection and OmniBrain are the first ones I check, though.
Have you discovered any new cool science blogs while at the Conference?
There are so many intriguing blogs and bloggers that I came across at the conference, and I hope to follow up with as many as possible. I am particularly interested in Karen’s blog about the Beagle project.
What was your overall impression of the Conference?
The conference was brimming with ideas, encouragement, and good company. I am already looking forward to the next one.
Thanks, Bora!
It was so nice meeting you in person and thank you for the interview. I hope you will keep coming back to the Conference and, after the space trip, I hope you will come and tell us everything about your adventure in person.
Related: Watch this video interview (Talia is the one on the right): Scientist and astronauts with blog rolls
Check out all the interviews in this series.

Memories of War, Part III (guest post by Mom)

Many of you have been moved by my Mom’s five-part guest-blogging on Holocaust Children (part I, part II, part III, part IV and part V), so I asked her to let me reproduce here her wartime story, as it appeared in the first volume in the series We Survived published by the Jewish Historical Museum in Belgrade.
It will appear here in five installments starting Monday and going throughout the week at the same time of day so please come back and you can ask her questions in the comments. Proceed under the fold:

Continue reading

Today’s Carnivals

Berry Go Round #1, the new botany carnival, is up on Seeds Aside
Four Stone Hearth #33 is up on Greg Laden’s blog
The 57th Carnival of the Liberals is up on World Wide Webers
Carnival of Education #156 is up on Creating Lifelong Learners.

Edwards to Quit Presidential Race

NPR
MSNBC
Darn! The only one who understood how to fight the reactionary forces of the GOP.
It will be really difficult to make the decision now. Hope that Obama is not as naive as he appears?

ClockQuotes

A physician can sometimes parry the scythe of death, but has no power over the sand in the hourglass.
– Hester Lynch Piozzi

Huckabee on Evolution

Welcome to the 18th century Presidential candidate (under the fold):

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New and Exciting in PLoS ONE

Today’s crop of new articles published in PLoS ONE is an emebarassment of riches. It’s hard to make just a couple of picks out of 39 papers, but I’ll try to restrain myself and you go and look around for the rest of them….
Chimpanzee Autarky:

Economists believe that barter is the ultimate cause of social wealth–and even much of our human culture–yet little is known about the evolution and development of such behavior. It is useful to examine the circumstances under which other species will or will not barter to more fully understand the phenomenon. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are an interesting test case as they are an intelligent species, closely related to humans, and known to participate in reciprocal interactions and token economies with humans, yet they have not spontaneously developed costly barter. Although chimpanzees do engage in noncostly barter, in which otherwise value-less tokens are exchanged for food, this lack of risk is not typical of human barter. Thus, we systematically examined barter in chimpanzees to ascertain under what circumstances chimpanzees will engage in costly barter of commodities, that is, trading food items for other food items with a human experimenter. We found that chimpanzees do barter, relinquishing lower value items to obtain higher value items (and not the reverse). However, they do not trade in all beneficial situations, maintaining possession of less preferred items when the relative gains they stand to make are small. Two potential explanations for this puzzling behavior are that chimpanzees lack ownership norms, and thus have limited opportunity to benefit from the gains of trade, and that chimpanzees’ risk of defection is sufficiently high that large gains must be imminent to justify the risk. Understanding the conditions that support barter in chimpanzees may increase understanding of situations in which humans, too, do not maximize their gains.

Prelude to Passion: Limbic Activation by ‘Unseen’ Drug and Sexual Cues:

The human brain responds to recognizable signals for sex and for rewarding drugs of abuse by activation of limbic reward circuitry. Does the brain respond in similar way to such reward signals even when they are “unseen”, i.e., presented in a way that prevents their conscious recognition? Can the brain response to “unseen” reward cues predict the future affective response to recognizable versions of such cues, revealing a link between affective/motivational processes inside and outside awareness? We exploited the fast temporal resolution of event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to test the brain response to “unseen” (backward-masked) cocaine, sexual, aversive and neutral cues of 33 milliseconds duration in male cocaine patients (n = 22). Two days after scanning, the affective valence for visible versions of each cue type was determined using an affective bias (priming) task. We demonstrate, for the first time, limbic brain activation by “unseen” drug and sexual cues of only 33 msec duration. Importantly, increased activity in an large interconnected ventral pallidum/amygdala cluster to the “unseen” cocaine cues strongly predicted future positive affect to visible versions of the same cues in subsequent off-magnet testing, pointing both to the functional significance of the rapid brain response, and to shared brain substrates for appetitive motivation within and outside awareness. These findings represent the first evidence that brain reward circuitry responds to drug and sexual cues presented outside awareness. The results underscore the sensitivity of the brain to “unseen” reward signals and may represent the brain’s primordial signature for desire. The limbic brain response to reward cues outside awareness may represent a potential vulnerability in disorders (e.g., the addictions) for whom poorly-controlled appetitive motivation is a central feature.

Protecting Biodiversity when Money Matters: Maximizing Return on Investment:

Conventional wisdom identifies biodiversity hotspots as priorities for conservation investment because they capture dense concentrations of species. However, density of species does not necessarily imply conservation ‘efficiency’. Here we explicitly consider conservation efficiency in terms of species protected per dollar invested. We apply a dynamic return on investment approach to a global biome and compare it with three alternate priority setting approaches and a random allocation of funding. After twenty years of acquiring habitat, the return on investment approach protects between 32% and 69% more species compared to the other priority setting approaches. To correct for potential inefficiencies of protecting the same species multiple times we account for the complementarity of species, protecting up to three times more distinct vertebrate species than alternate approaches. Incorporating costs in a return on investment framework expands priorities to include areas not traditionally highlighted as priorities based on conventional irreplaceability and vulnerability approaches.

Shark Attacks in Dakar and the Cap Vert Peninsula, Senegal: Low Incidence despite High Occurrence of Potentially Dangerous Species:

The International Shark Attack File mentions only four unprovoked shark attacks on the coast of West Africa during the period 1828-2004, an area where high concentrations of sharks and 17 species potentially dangerous to man have been observed. To investigate if the frequency of shark attacks could be really low and not just under-reported and whether there are potentially sharks that might attack in the area, a study was carried out in Dakar and the Cap Vert peninsula, Senegal. Personnel of health facilities, administrative services, traditional authorities and groups of fishermen from the region of Dakar were interviewed about the occurrence of shark attacks, and visual censuses were conducted along the coastline to investigate shark communities associated with the coasts of Dakar and the Cap Vert peninsula. Six attacks were documented for the period 1947-2005, including two fatal ones attributed to the tiger shark Galeocerdo cuvieri. All attacks concerned fishermen and only one occurred after 1970. Sharks were observed year round along the coastline in waters 3-15 m depth. Two species potentially dangerous for man, the nurse shark Ginglymostoma cirratum and the blacktip shark Carcharhinus limbatus, represented together 94% of 1,071 sharks enumerated during 1,459 hours of observations. Threatening behaviour from sharks was noted in 12 encounters (1.1%), including 8 encounters with C. limbatus, one with Galeocerdo cuvieri and 3 with unidentified sharks. These findings suggest that the frequency of shark attacks on the coast of West Africa is underestimated. However, they also indicate that the risk is very low despite the abundance of sharks. In Dakar area, most encounters along the coastline with potentially dangerous species do not result in an attack. Compared to other causes of water related deaths, the incidence of shark attack appears negligible, at least one thousand fold lower.

Human and Chimpanzee Gene Expression Differences Replicated in Mice Fed Different Diets:

Although the human diet is markedly different from the diets of closely related primate species, the influence of diet on phenotypic and genetic differences between humans and other primates is unknown. In this study, we analyzed gene expression in laboratory mice fed diets typical of humans and of chimpanzees. The effects of human diets were found to be significantly different from that of a chimpanzee diet in the mouse liver, but not in the brain. Importantly, 10% of the genes that differ in their expression between humans and chimpanzee livers differed also between the livers of mice fed the human and chimpanzee diets. Furthermore, both the promoter sequences and the amino acid sequences of these diet-related genes carry more differences between humans and chimpanzees than random genes. Our results suggest that the mouse can be used to study at least some aspects of human-specific traits.

Transmissibility of the Influenza Virus in the 1918 Pandemic:

With a heightened increase in concern for an influenza pandemic we sought to better understand the 1918 Influenza pandemic, the most devastating epidemic of the previous century. We use data from several communities in Maryland, USA as well as two ships that experienced well-documented outbreaks of influenza in 1918. Using a likelihood-based method and a nonparametric method, we estimate the serial interval and reproductive number throughout the course of each outbreak. This analysis shows the basic reproductive number to be slightly lower in the Maryland communities (between 1.34 and 3.21) than for the enclosed populations on the ships (R0 = 4.97, SE = 3.31). Additionally the effective reproductive number declined to sub epidemic levels more quickly on the ships (within around 10 days) than in the communities (within 30-40 days). The mean serial interval for the ships was consistent (3.33, SE = 5.96 and 3.81, SE = 3.69), while the serial intervals in the communities varied substantially (between 2.83, SE = 0.53 and 8.28, SE = 951.95). These results illustrate the importance of considering the population dynamics when making statements about the epidemiological parameters of Influenza. The methods that we employ for estimation of the reproductive numbers and the serial interval can be easily replicated in other populations and with other diseases.

As always: rate, comment, annotate, blog about and send trackbacks….

My picks from ScienceDaily

Synthesis Of Natural Molecule Could Lead To Better Anti-cancer Drugs:

In early 2007, Northwestern University chemist Karl Scheidt’s interest was piqued when marine chemist Amy Wright reported in the Journal of Natural Products that a new natural compound derived from an uncommon deep-sea sponge was extremely effective at inhibiting cancer cell growth.

Ants And Avalanches: Insects On Coffee Plants Follow Widespread Natural Tendency:

Ever since a forward-thinking trio of physicists identified the phenomenon known as self-organized criticality—a mechanism by which complexity arises in nature—scientists have been applying its concepts to everything from economics to avalanches. Now, researchers at the University of Michigan and the University of Toledo have shown that clusters of ant nests on a coffee farm in Mexico also adhere to the model. Their work, which has implications for controlling coffee pests, appears in the Jan. 24 issue of the journal Nature.

Vets Focus On Neurological Disorders In Dogs, Humans:

Parkinson’s disease and epilepsy strike millions of people each year. They also affect countless dogs, and veterinarians at the University of Missouri are working to find ways to treat these and other neurological diseases in both species.

Lessons From Evolution Applied To National Security And Other Threats:

Could lessons learned from Mother Nature help airport security screening checkpoints better protect us from terror threats? The authors of a new book, Natural Security: A Darwinian Approach to a Dangerous World, believe they can — if governments are willing to think outside the box and pay heed to some of nature’s most successful evolutionary strategies for species adaptation and survival.

Tasmanian Devils’ Existence Threatened By Rapidly Spreading Cancer:

Researchers are working toward an understanding a unique transmissible and rapidly spreading cancer that threatens the very existence of Tasmanian devils. To combat this particularly aggressive disease, a Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory research team in collaboration with 454 Lifesciences is committing resources to sequence parts of the devil’s genome in an effort to increase the odds of saving them from extinction.

Scientists Call For Urgent Research Into ‘Real’ Impacts Of Invasive Species:

Scientists warn that unless more research is carried out to highlight the damage caused by invasive species, more livelihoods and natural ecosystems will be ruined as a consequence of their effects. Invasive alien species are those that occur outside their natural range and threaten the existence of native plants and animals. They can be plants, animals or microorganisms that are introduced intentionally for economic or agricultural purposes, or accidentally, through tourism, travel or trade, or when domestic animals become feral.

2008 Darwin Day Symposium ‘Origins and Evolution of Early Life’

If you liked Sigma Xi last weekend, and if you are in the Triangle on February 8th, and if you are interested in the origin and early evolution of life on Earth (and potentially elsewhere), you will love attending the NESCent symposium on the topic:

The National Evolutionary Synthesis Center invites you to the 2nd annual Darwin Day Symposium. Carol Cleland, Mark Bedau, Janet Siefert, Abigail Allwood, Andrew Roger and Laura Landweber will be talking about their research in early life, generating life and astrobiology. This day-long program is open to the public and will be held at the Sigma Xi Headquarters in Research Triangle. Space is limited so register early! (There is no charge for registration.) For more information, visit the web site at:http://www.nescent.org/news/DarwinDay2008.php.

New and Exciting in PLoS Biology

There is lots of cool new stuff in PLoS Biology this week. Take a look:
Conspicuous Chameleons is a synopsis/summary of this article:
Selection for Social Signalling Drives the Evolution of Chameleon Colour Change:

The ability to change colour has evolved in numerous vertebrate and invertebrate groups, the most well-known of which are chameleons and cephalopods (octopuses and their relatives). There is great variation among species, however, in the apparent capacity for colour change, ranging from limited changes in brightness to dramatic changes in hue. What drives the evolution of this remarkable strategy? We addressed this question by using a combination of field-based behavioural trials in which we quantified colour change, models of colour perception, and our knowledge of phylogenetic relationships for 21 distinct lineages of southern African dwarf chameleons. We show that evolutionary changes in the capacity for colour change are consistently associated with the use of social signals that are highly conspicuous to the visual system of chameleons. Moreover, capacity for colour change is unrelated to variation in the environmental backgrounds that chameleons must match in order to be camouflaged. Overall, our results suggest that the evolution of the ability to exhibit striking changes in colour evolved as a strategy to facilitate social signalling and not, as popularly believed, camouflage.

There are types of pain that naked mole-rats do not feel – Selective Inflammatory Pain Insensitivity in the African Naked Mole-Rat (Heterocephalus glaber):

Chemicals such as capsaicin and acid are considered noxious because they cause irritation and pain when applied to the skin. Acid is, for example, a very noxious stimulus and can cause intense pain. Indeed, acid is both noxious and painful to all animals including amphibians and fish. Here we describe a member of the rodent family, the African naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber), that is behaviorally completely oblivious to capsaicin and acid. Tissue injury and inflammation increase sensitivity to normally non painful stimuli, a phenomenon called hyperalgesia. Here we show that the naked mole-rat does not experience hyperalgesia to painful thermal stimuli after inflammation. To our knowledge, no other mammal has so far been described that is selectively insensitive to chemical pain or that lacks thermal hyperalgesia. Naked mole-rats live in very large subterranean social groups and are remarkably tolerant to low-oxygen and high-carbon dioxide conditions. We hypothesize that naked mole-rats are selectively pain insensitive partly because of selection pressure arising from the extremity of their normal habitat.

The Evolution of Quorum Sensing in Bacterial Biofilms:

Bacteria are increasingly recognized as highly interactive organisms with complex social lives, which are critical to their capacity to cause disease. In particular, many species inhabit dense, surface-bound communities, termed biofilms, within which they communicate and respond to local cell density through a process known as quorum sensing. Enormous effort has been devoted to understanding the genetics and biochemistry of biofilm formation and quorum sensing, but how and why they evolve remain virtually unexplored. Many bacteria use quorum sensing to regulate the secretion of sticky extracellular slime, an integral feature of biofilm life. Intriguingly, however, some pathogenic species turn on slime production at high cell density, whereas others turn it off. Using an individual-based model of biofilm growth, we investigated why different species use quorum sensing to control slime production in opposite ways. The secret underlying this variation appears to reside in the nature of infections. Turning slime on at high cell density can allow one strain to suffocate another when competition is intense, as occurs in long-lived chronic infections. Meanwhile, turning slime secretion off at high cell density can benefit a strain causing an acute infection by allowing rapid growth before departing the host.

Riders of a Modern-Day Ark:

Amphibians may not seem the hardiest of creatures, but they have roamed Earth for 360 million years–a span including at least two major Ice Ages and four warming, interglacial periods. Yet their ability to evolve in concert with an ever-changing environment may not be enough to survive a world now dominated by human activity. Over 1,800 amphibian species, one-third of all known species, are threatened with extinction, according to the Global Amphibian Assessment [1]. Countless other, yet-undescribed, species may never have their place on Earth documented. Of all amphibians–toads, salamanders, newts, and caecilians–the frog’s prevalence renders it at greatest risk.

Today’s Carnivals

Grand Rounds: Volume 4, No. 19 are up on Emergiblog.
The 109th Carnival of Homeschooling is up on Life on the Road

An Island In the Mountains: Interview with James Hrynyshyn

hrynyshyn.jpgJames Hrynyshyn is one of my SciBlings and part of the Scienceblogs.com large North Carolina contingent. He lives in a small town of Saluda in the Western part of the state and blogs mainly about climate science and related policy on Island of Doubt. He is also one of those “repeat offenders” – he came not to one but to BOTH Science Blogging Conferences!
Would you, please, tell my readers a little bit more about yourself? Who are you? What is your background? What is your Real Life job?
I am a freelance science journalist whose current real job is father to a 14-month-old. My 20-year-career has consisted of full-time employment for newspapers and non-profits interspersed with the freelance lifestyle. I’ve managed to convince editors of dozens of Canadian and American newspapers, as well as New Scientist, Canadian Geographic, and Science & Spirit magazines, among others, to run my work. I have degrees in journalism and marine biology, but here I am in the Blue Ridge Mountains of North Carolina, so go figure.
What do you want to do/be when you grow up?
A freelance science journalist. But one who actually makes enough money to pay the mortgage.
You started out as a marine scientist. How did you end up being a journalist and a writer (and a blogger)?
Actually, it was the reverse. After 11 years as a journalist focusing on science, I realized I didn’t know what the heck I was writing about. Not that I made too many egregious errors — I just decided that it would be a good idea if I didn’t need remedial instruction each time I tackled a new topic. So I went to university for another undergraduate degree, and marine biology seemed like the most efficient way to get a good grip on the broadest range of scientific subjects relevant to a world of declining biodiversity and climate change.
You have been traveling around showing Al Gore’s set of slides to people. Can you tell us more about this program and how you got involved with it?
Somewhere among the deluge of environmental listservs to which I subscribe I learned that Gore was putting together a team of presenters. I applied and was accepted late in 2006. As the training session was a mere five hours drive away in Nashville, TN, where my wife’s cousin had a spare couch, it was an inexpensive way to network and begin contributing more than just words to a subject I had first covered in the late 1980s. If, after 20 years, it hadn’t gone away, I figured climate change was worth more attention.
Why did you decide to omit some of the slides?
The full slide show takes almost 2 hours to present. As only someone with Gore’s charismatic talents can hold an audience for that long, most of us presenters have to trim a bit. I simply eliminated any slide or series of slides about which there is significant uncertainty among climatologists. For example, Mt. Kilimanjaro makes for a great intro to glacial retreat, but there is considerable debate out there about whether it’s an example of global warming induced retreat, or some other regional cycle. Similarly, the possibility of a halt to the thermohaline conveyor makes for great drama, but it’s hard to find a climatologist as worried about that as most of the rest of the subjects in the presentation.
What did you learn by listening to people in your audience?
So far, I have learned that the younger the audience, the better the questions. Older folks only come to see the show for two reasons: to feel part of a larger movement, or to beat a dead horse of pseudoskepticism.
When and how did you discover science blogs?
The first time I discovered a science-oriented blog was in early 2005. It was Chris Mooney’s pre-scienceblogs.com Intersection. I had just moved to the US from Canada and was awaiting approval of my work visa application. So, to keep my writing skills sharp without running afoul of the INS, I decided to start my own blog, choosing to emulate Chris’ apparently successful model. After all, the guy wrote a book and made it to the Daily Show before he was 30. Thus was born The Island of Doubt. When SEED gobbled up the Intersection, I replied to SEED’s request for others who might like to join, and was accepted for the June 2006 expansion.
What are some of your favorites?
In addition to Chris’ (and now Sheril Kirshenbaum’s) Intersection, I enjoy Tara Smith’s Aetiology, PZ Myer’s Pharyngula, the RealClimate gang, the NY Times’ Andy Revkin’s
Dot Earth and Tim Lambert’s Deltoid.
Have you discovered any new cool science blogs while at the Conference?
Tom Levenson’s new Inverse Square.
Where did the name of your blog – Island Of Doubt – come from?
In the beginning I was fascinated by the battle between irrationalism and science. As doubt, in appropriate quantities, is endemic to science, it seemed like a good title. The phrase is taken from “Cross-eyed and Painless,” a track on the Talking Head’s 1980 album “Remain in Light.” (“The island of doubt/it’s a like a taste of medicine”).
Is there anything that happened at the Conference – a session, something someone said or did, a new friendship – that will change the way you think about science communication, or something that you will take with you to your job, blog-reading and blog-writing?
I was taken with the appearance of a wider array of professionals. Tom Levenson of NOVA and MIT, for example. And Stuart Pimm of Duke University. Their experience and wisdom has, I hope, induced a more thoughtful, bigger-picture approach to my own blog postings and writing in general.
It was so nice seeing you again at the Conference and thank you for the interview.
Check out all the interviews in this series.

Memories of War, Part II (guest post by Mom)

Many of you have been moved by my Mom’s five-part guest-blogging on Holocaust Children (part I, part II, part III, part IV and part V), so I asked her to let me reproduce here her wartime story, as it appeared in the first volume in the series We Survived published by the Jewish Historical Museum in Belgrade.
It will appear here in five installments starting yesterday and going throughout the week at the same time of day so please come back and you can ask her questions in the comments. Proceed under the fold:

Continue reading

Sports Doping at the Planetarium

From SCONC:

On Thursday, February 7, SCONCs will migrate to the Morehead Planetarium and Science Center in Chapel Hill. MPSC will open its exhibits to SCONC members for a special viewing at 6:00 p.m. in the NASA Digital Theater, followed by Morehead’s Current Science Forum at 7:00 p.m. in the Banquet Hall. This month’s topic, “Victory At Any Cost?” covers the arresting subject of performance-enhancing drugs. Dr. Mario Ciocca, head physician for six UNC athletic teams, will talk about the effects of steroids, growth hormones and other banned substances, and the science used to detect them. Ciocca will lead the public roundtable discussion to follow.
This is an issue with local ties in the Tarheel State. Years before Marion Jones’s admitted steroid use, she was a standout freshman on the UNC women’s basketball team that won the 1994 National Championship. Prior to her current legal and financial troubles, Jones owned a large home in this area.
RSVP for the SCONC meeting to Helen Chickering by Tuesday, February 5.

ClockQuotes

I’m most at home on the stage. I was carried onstage for the first time when I was six months old.
– Alan Alda

Best Education Blogs

Check them out:
Who Are the Top Edubloggers?
Education Blog List