Two Americas: Past, Present and Future

Two Americas: Past, Present and FutureThis post from November 26, 2004 was my fourth (out of five), and longest, analysis of the 2004 election. With Balkans and Creationism sprinkled in. How did it stand the test of time over the past two years?

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Francis Collins is in town

A Community Genetics Forum 2006: Finding the Genome is a 3-day conference here in the Triangle. I will try to go to the third day events on Saturday, 10am – 3pm.
It is a very medically oriented meeting, so I doubt they will mention the importance of comparative genomics in the study of evolution, but it will be fun anyway.
On the other hand, it is probably good for my emotional well-being that there is likely to be no mention of Francis’ awful book

Sleep Deprivation in the classroom, in the cockpit and on the space shuttle

Students not getting enough sleep:

College students may believe they are being more productive when they sleep less, but in reality it is causing harm to their bodies. The National Sleep Foundation points out that receiving less than six hours of sleep a night is associated with 1.7 times greater risk of disease, according to http://www.sleepfoundation.org. The chance of decreased academic performance, driving accidents, colds and flu and mental illnesses are all increased.

Workplace fatigue risky business at 30,000 ft.:

Fatigue is worsened when lack of sleep is coupled with a disruption to the body’s circadian rhythm, which regulates high and low energy periods throughout the day – common among flight and ground crews as well as controllers.
And it’s also magnified by jetlag. One U.S. sleep researcher estimates 96 per cent of airline pilots and flight attendants operate in a permanent state of jetlag.

Solar wings unfurl on Atlantis orbit:

“On our mission, with where the sun is, we have 55 minutes of daylight followed by 75 minutes of darkness … and that does affect your circadian rhythm,” MacLean replied.

Animals

Friday Ark #104 is up on The Modulator

Facebook at ConvergeSouth06

I hope you can come to ConvergeSouth06. If you are interested in the Facebook session and if you have access to Facebook, join the Group Facebook at ConvergeSouth06.
Technorati Tag: ConvergeSouth

Blogger MeetUp

We are about to start the new blogging season in the Triangle, beginning with the regular Chapel Hill-Carboro meetups. The first meetup will be next Monday in the downstairs conference room of the Chapel Hill Public Library at 7 p.m. There will be wifi, and two presentations (Jameson on Lyceum, Roy on wiki.com).
After that, the next Meetup will be on Thursday 5 October at Open Eye Cafe at 6 p.m. (moving to Tyler’s Tap Room at 7).
We’ll try this meetup schedule for the next couple of months:
* First Thursdays for social drinks and chatting.
* Third Mondays for presentations and discussions.

March of the Penguins on TV

From an e-mail:

The U.S. television premiere of the Academy Award-winning MARCH OF THE PENGUINS will be on Hallmark Channel, Saturday, November 25 (9/8 c).
The theatrical movie is accompanied by a never-before-seen film short on the subject from Academy Award-winners (director) Luc Jacquet, (producer) Emanuel Priou, (producer) Christophe Lioud and (producer) Yves Darondeau. The short will follow the premiere of the movie and will encore after the second run of the movie that same evening.
The little movie that walked away with film’s most prized statue – the Academy Award – follows the unique survival habits of Antarctica’s regal Emperor Penguins; trekking across hundreds of miles of pack ice to the place that they each were born; all in the name of love and survival.

Nicotine and Depression

Nicotine Lessens Symptoms Of Depression In Nonsmokers:

Nicotine may improve the symptoms of depression in people who do not smoke, Duke University Medical Center scientists have discovered.
The finding does not mean that people with depression should smoke or even start using a nicotine patch, the researchers caution. They say that smoking remains the No. 1 preventable cause of death and disability in the United States, and that the addictive hazards of tobacco far outweigh the potential benefits of nicotine in depression.
But the finding suggests that it may be possible to manipulate nicotine’s effects to safely reap its potential medical benefits, according to the researchers. As an example of the drug’s potential, they said, pharmaceutical companies already are developing compounds for treating other brain disorders by mimicking the beneficial properties of nicotine while avoiding its addictive nature.
———————–snip———————
“Our study also provides evidence that smokers may indeed smoke, in part, to improve their mood — a notion that has been quite controversial in the field,” he said.
————————snip———————-
Scientists have established that people prone to depression are twice as likely to be smokers, and are less likely to succeed in quitting smoking after taking up the habit, according to McClernon. The Duke study explored the theories behind the higher smoking rates among people experiencing depression.
“Smokers may be more prone to depression than nonsmokers,” said Edward Levin, Ph.D., a professor of biological psychiatry and researcher at the Duke center, who was senior investigator in the current study. “Or, people with depression may be self-medicating by smoking, albeit in a deadly way.”

This may be the reason why sleep-deprived adolescents are much more likely to take up smoking than their well-rested peers.

Dinner

Tonight, I felt I needed to regress into my childhood so I fixed myself something I haven’t eaten since I was a little kid – chocolate cream-o-wheat! Here is the recipe for half the quantity I used to eat as a kid in one sitting:
Put a bar (100g) of bittersweet chocolate (or less – I like it superchocolatey) and 4 tablespoons (or less – I like it supersweet)of sugar into 250ml (1/4L) of cold milk. Put on the stove and turn on high. Star mixing continuously. When the milk boils, add a heaping tablespoon (25g or a little more) to the mix. Cut the heat down to Medium and keep mixing continuosuly for about 10 minutes or until it gets the density you like. Pour into a bowl and eat while it is still hot! Smack your lips.

United Professionals

From am e-mail I got today:

While Iraq dominates the headlines, the other issue that Americans are grappling with as they head to the polls this fall is the economic uncertainty that affects all American workers. While the numbers on the economy look good, most American workers haven’t participated in the economic growth of the past 5 years and rightfully feel that their income and, more importantly, their security, are eroding away. Today’s New York Times features an article on the launch of a new advocacy group called United Professionals. Barbara Ehrenreich, author of Nickel and Dimed and Bait and Switch, founded United Professionals with seed money from the Service Employees International Union to lobby Congress and push for issues like universal health care coverage and severance for all laid off workers. It has become customary, in our “knowledge based economy” to lay the burden of unemployment at the individual’s feet. Workers must learn new skills, go back to school, etc. to maintain employment. What Barbara Ehrenreich and United Professionals are calling for is that our government and corporations make this reeducation possible and that people not see basic needs like healthcare tied to something as tenuous as employment. Barbara covers these issues each week in her blog and will be speaking around the country about them throughout the fall. I hope you agree that United Professionals is a worthwhile endeavor and that you will help spread the word about it to readers of your blog or publication.

A new chart on the flow of scientific communication

This one was drawn by Arunn of Nonoscience and I like it very much!

Hey, I was free and bored last night!

I’m glad I am not the only one majorly pissed I was not invited to the secret meeting of Chapel Hill (and area) bloggers wih John Edwards (some of which were not even supporting him back in 2003 and 2004). So is Anton. He is doubly pissed and rightly so.
Ed and Pam were there, though.

Polar Bears in Trouble

Warming Climate May Put Chill On Arctic Polar Bear Population:

The new research suggests that progressively earlier breakup of the Arctic sea ice, stimulated by climate warming, shortens the spring hunting season for female polar bears in Western Hudson Bay and is likely responsible for the continuing fall in the average weight of these bears. As females become lighter, their ability to reproduce and the survival of their young decline. Also, as the bears become thinner, they are more likely to push into human settlements for food, giving the impression that the population is increasing. The study will be published this week in the September issue of the Journal Arctic.

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Facebook – Political Affiliation on Campus

Political Affiliation on CampusAbout a year ago, on October 01, 2005, I did a little stats on the self-described political affiliation of NCSU students with Facebook profiles and posted it here. I reposted it here on January 16, 2006. I was thinking about doing the same thing exactly a year later, but the new Facebook News-Feed is making many students nervous, so they delete a lot of their information from their profiles. Political and religious affiliations are usually the first to go. I was interested if there would be any noticable change from one year to another, particularly in light of increased dissatisfaction with the GOP in the general population. Unofrtunately, I don’t feel like I can get a good sample right now. The original post from last year is under the fold…

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Two Physics Carnivalas!

There is a second physics carnival being launched!
The first one is monthly Panta Rei (the 3rd edition will be on September 28rd), focusing on heat and flow.
The new one is called Philosophia Naturalis, with a broader theme of everything to deal with physical science and technology, and the inaugural edition is now up on Science And Reason.
The two carnivals appear to have very different concepts so it does not look like they will compete against each other.

Skeptical about Liberalism?

Skeptics’ Circle #43 – the Sad Puppy Edition – is up on Adventures in Ethics and Science.
Carnival of the Liberals #21 is up on Archy.

King Kong

I finally saw the newest ‘King Kong’ (thanks to Netflix). Not much new to say. We fixed lots of popcorn and big glasses of Coke, sat back and enjoyed the special effects without any expectation that anything in the movie will make sense – which it didn’t. Thus, it was great fun.
In a way I am glad I did not see this on a big screen – this movie is not for people with a fear of hights! Even on a small screen some scenes made me dizzy.

Rationally Speaking

Why nobody told me that Massimo Pigliucci has a blog? And an excellent blog to boot!

Biscuit and Marbles

Another one from my daughter’s photo album. Marbles is in front, Biscuit in the back. They are ready to wrestle:
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Obligatory Reading of the Day – Authoritarians

Sara Robinson (since yesterday a permanent co-blogger on Orcinus – congratulations!): Tunnels and Bridges, Part IV: Landing Zones

BIRDS!!!!

I And The Bird #32 is up on Sand Creek Almanac

Pledge Of Allegiance

A few days ago, my son told me that one of his teachers (he is in 8th grade), after decorating the whole school with American flags, announced that they will be reciting the Pledge of Allegiance every morning.
I was not aware at the time that this is a new State Law, snuck under the radar during the summer. But it is. It was enacted on July, 12th 2006, as a change in general powers and duties of the state concerning the educational system. You can see the history of how the statute was changed here and the final version of the bill here (PDF).
The press only noted this the other day. Some were good, i.e., using precise language of the law, e.g., the Raleigh News & Observer, which stated correctly:

A new state law requiring schools to schedule time each day for students to recite the pledge has revived a tradition right out of a Norman Rockwell painting.

On the other hand, every newspaper that carried the Associated Press article got it wrong:

A shortage of flags, questions about patriotism, and confusion among teachers have greeted a new state law requiring public school students to recite the Pledge of Allegiance in the classroom.

The latter would be unconstitutional, according to this Supreme Court decision (which is a great read actually).
Apparently, the bill was snuck in so silently that even our local bloggers, who are usually very alert to everything happening at the state and local level, missed it. Only Dave commented at the time, with the predictable and correct outrage, and suggested an alternative version that reflects reality in a less ambigious way:

I pledge to honor and defend the flag, our nation, and the principles that make them great: the right to choose our leaders, freedom to worship, freedom of speech, and justice for all.

Even Will Raymond, who is a watch-dog and hound-dog of local politics missed it until this week. He provides more detail on the history of the way the bill was worded.
Not everyone is outraged, of course.
Although the NC House is controlled by Democrats, the bill passed with only one “No” vote. The lone dissenter is State Representative from Durham Paul Luebke (more here and here). I am assuming that he is in a very safe district and I am not sure if he even has an opponent this Fall, so he probably does not need campaign contributions (though you can ask). But you can send him a thank-you note if you wish at: paull AT ncleg DOT net.
As a naturalized U.S. citizen, I follow the stereotype of foreign-born citizens knowing American history, geography, civics and law better than many locals (because I had to study it, instead of just organically grow in it), so I was quite aware what the constitutional/legal issues are regarding the recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance in schools.
So, I told my son that he has several choices: go along and recite it (with ot without the salute); recite the original version by skipping over the 1954 “under God” insertion; or remain silent (while either standing up, sitting down or exiting the classroom). I told him that the Constitution gives him the choice and that nobody could take that choice away from him. It is the “under God” clause that bothers him the most and he wanted to make sure that he had the right to omit it on the days he decides to say the Pledge, as well as right to not say the Pledge at all on days in which he is not in the mood to do so.
On Monday, after I picked him up, he was really distressed. He chose not to say the Pledge. He told the teacher that he is an atheist and does not believe in that stuff and does not wish to say a pledge that includes “under God” in it.
She threatened to made him call his parents if he does not shape up and he immediately went to the classroom phone and started dialing, but she stopped him. At the time, I was still at home and she would have gotten an earful from me, as you can imagine.
Then he told her that his Dad told him that he has the right to remain silent. In the end, after much questioning and threatening, both in front of his friends and out in the hall, she FORCED him to say the Pledge, every word of it. She was giving him mean looks for the rest of the first two periods.
Yesterday morning I went to school and talked with the vice-principal. She was appalled that such a thing happened in her school, apologized profusely, and reassured me that she will make sure that such a thing does not happen again. This made me happy – the system DOES work.
After all, one of the main reasons why people from the area, no matter if they work in one of the big companies or institutes in the Research Triangle Park, or at NCSU, UNC, Duke or other local colleges, choose to live in Chapel Hill despite outrageously expensive housing – the Chapel Hill-Carrboro school system is the best in the state and one of the best in the country. This is an island of sanity in the ocean of irrationality. But this incident goes to show that such things can happen even in the most enlightened of places.
And I agree, my son’s school is excellent, I love all of his teachers of the past three years, and he is really thriving there. The teacher who did all this flag-waving is a brand new hire and you cannot really blame the school for not knowing she would be a frenzied, jingoistic nationalist and a rabid evangelical, frenetically worshiping a piece of cloth that stands as a symbol of the state instead of the people.
In the meantime, my daughter is in the 5th grade. Her teacher, who is just absolutely fantastic (she was my son’s 5th grade teacher as well), told the class in advance what their rights were. Some chose to say it, some chose not to. My daugther chose to stand up and remain silent – she could always have the excuse of being shy to speak out loud in front of other people.
Tuesday morning at Pledge time – I guess someone told my son’s teacher something in the meantime – she told the kids to exit the room if they did not want to recite the pledge and ALL but one kid went out, with my son in the lead (it’s a small elective class – so it is not like 25 kids walked out, more like 5). She is still not 100% right, though, as they had the right to remain inside the classroom if they so desired and remain silent. I will see what happens today, after she has been briefed by the vice-principal.
I am so proud of my son for thinking about the issue with his own head, getting the relevant information and acting according to his rights. All I provided was information and support – all choices were his. It takes guts to do so.
Also, see Ed Brayton’s take on this here and here.
Update: Will R, Lindsay Beyerstein, TNG, Timelady, Northstate Science, Alon Levy and Faux Real have commented on this and you should also check out what their comenters say.

Revenge of the Zombifying Wasp

Revenge of the Zombifying WaspOne of the coolest parasites ever (from February 04, 2006):

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Wilkins is on a roll…

Why are creationists creationist? 4: How to oppose anti-science

New Bird Species!

New bird species found in India after more than 50 years
bugun%20leocichla.jpg

New Delhi: A striking multi-coloured bird has been discovered in India’s remote northeast, making it the first ornithological find in the country in more than half a century, experts said on Tuesday.
The Bugun Liocichla, scientifically known as Liocichla bugunorum, a kind of babbler, was discovered in May at the Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary in the hilly state of Arunachal Pradesh.
The bird with olive and golden-yellow plum-age, a black cap and flame-tipped wings is 20 cm in length and named after the Bugun tribespeople who live on the sanctuary’s periphery.
Professional astronomer and keen birdwatcher, Ramana Athreya, who discovered the bird said that although two Bugun Liocichlas were caught and examined at the sanctuary, both were released and no scientific specimen collected.
“We thought the bird was just too rare for one to be killed [for scientific study],” said Athreya. He wrote a paper which was circulated among foreign and Indian experts including Pamela C. Rasmussen, assistant curator of mammalogy and ornithology at Michigan State university, and author of The Ripley Guide of Birds of South Asia.
The experts verified the Bugun Liocichlas as a new species and the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature then approved the name.
The last new bird species to be discovered in mainland India was the Rusty-throated “Mishmi” Wren-babbler Spelaeornis badeigularis in Arunachal Pradesh in 1948. The known population of the Bugun Liocichla consists of only 14, including three breeding pairs.
Athreya said he had first briefly spotted the bird in 1995. “But it was only this year after I had a sufficiently good look that we could move into the matter.”

Not So Fast!

Salivary Melatonin May Help Fight Gum Disease:

Researchers found that melatonin, a hormone created by the pineal gland, may be able to protect the oral cavity against free radicals produced by inflammatory diseases. Melatonin has strong antioxidant effects that can protect cells against inflammatory processes and oxidative damage.
————–
“Patients with higher salivary and melatonin ratios had lower community periodontal index (CPI). CPI is the score used to assess periodontal status,” said Pablo Galindo, DDS, Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Spain. “This finding suggests that the melatonin may fight against infection and inflammation possibly due to its antioxidant, anti-aging and immunoenhancing ability.”

Wow – they deduced this from measurements in only 55 people? Older people had more periodontal disease which correlated with having smaller salivary volume. So, it is not just melatonin that was low in these patients, but everything else in the saliva, including immunoglobulins, etc. How about the old adage that “correlation is not causation”?

SciBlogging of the week (or two)

Travel Bingo Edition of the Tangled Bank is now up on Hairy Museum of Natural History.
BTW, you have only two more days to send yoru submission for the next Mendel’s Garden on Tha Voltage Gate.

EduBlogging of the week

Carnival of Education #84 is up on The Current Events in Education. It is organized like a newspaper.
Carnival of Homeschooling #37 is up on Principled Discovery. It is organized like an international flight.

Obligatory Readings of the Day – why, why, why?

Why are religious people religious, in two parts: Why do religious wingnuts think the way they do? Part I and Why do religious wingnuts think the way they do? Part II
Why are creationists creationists, in three parts: Why are creationists creationist?, Why are creationists creationist? 2 – conceptual spaces and Why are creationists creationist? 3: compartments and coherence.
Why conservatives take conservative jobs and suck if sucked into liberal professions, in two parts: It takes talent to make good schlock TV and Conservatives in the classroom

Nice essay by Simon A. Levin in the latest PLoS – Biology

Fundamental Questions in Biology. Here is a quote from the end:

The questions that biologists from diverse subdisciplines are asking have commonalities that make clear the continued existence of fundamental challenges that unify biology and that should form the core of much research in the decades to come. Some of these questions are as follows: What features convey robustness to systems? How different should we expect the robustness of different systems to be, depending on whether selection is operating primarily on the whole system or on its parts? How does robustness trade off against adaptability? How does natural selection deal with environmental noise and the consequent uncertainty at diverse scales? When does synchrony emerge, and what are its implications for robustness? When and how does cooperative behavior emerge, and can we derive lessons from evolutionary history to foster cooperation in a global commons?

Now go and read it from the beginning.

Cooperative Hithhiking

Baby bugs team up for sex scam

The moment they’re born, beetles of one species join forces for a curious drill.

The larvae hatch out of their eggs and together, as a group, climb to the tip of the plant. There, they secrete a sex pheromone that attracts a male of a bee who tries to couplate with the ball of larvae. They jump on him. He flies away carrying the little buggers.
When he finds a female to mate with, the larvae jump ship and go away hithhiking on her. When she goes back to her nest they disembark, eat the nectar she collected and her eggs before their final metamorphosis.
Arthropods are known to hitch rides on other animals, including larger arthropods, but this is the first documented case of a group hithchiking together.

Are cryptochromes involved in magnetoreception in migratory birds?

Scientists discover molecule behind birds’ magnetic sense:

“Some birds, notably migratory species, are able to detect the Earth’s magnetic field and use it to navigate. New results from a team of Franco-German researchers suggest that light-sensitive molecules called cryptochromes could be the key to the birds’ magnetic sense.

They did not suggest it – they tested a 10-year old hypothesis.

Cryptochromes are photoreceptors which are sensitive to blue light, and they are involved in a number of processes linked to the circadian cycle, such as growth and development.

Caution: cryptochromes have different functions in different organisms. They are very closely related to photolyases, molecules involved in DNA repair. They are photopigments in plants, but have no circadian function in them. They are involved in circadian phototransduction in insects, but are not pigments and are not clock genes in them. They are core circadian genes in vertebrates, but are not pigments in them. So, we have to be careful when dealing with such a jack-of-all-trades.

Birds’ ability to detect magnetic fields is affected by light; this ‘sixth sense’ only works properly in the presence of blue or green light, while light of other wavelengths disrupts the magnetic sense.

Do you know how much I hate the phrase “sixth sense’?

The scientists realised that the cryptochromes could well be involved in the perception of the magnetic field, as they have all the physical and chemical properties needed, notably the absorption of blue and green light and the formation of ‘radical pairs’ – molecules which respond to magnetic fields. Crucially, the retina of birds’ eyes is rich in cryptochromes.
Unable to test their hypothesis on migratory birds, the researchers turned to a laboratory plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, with similar properties. It is known that the activation of their cryptochromes by blue light influences the behaviour of these plants; for example it inhibits the growth of the hypocotyle (stem).

This is creative, but poses a problem that I mentioned above – in different environments (i.e. inside the bodies of different organisms with different genomes), cryptochromes assume different functions.

To determine whether the magnetic field influences the function of the cryptochromes, researchers from France’s National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) and universities in Frankfurt and Marbourg grew the plants in the presence of blue and red light and magnetic fields of varying strengths. They found that increasing the magnetic field only increases the inhibition of the growth of the hypocotyle in the presence of blue light. When red light is used, the plant uses other photoreceptors called phytochromes, and the growth of the hypocotyle is not affected by changes in the magnetic field. Furthermore, mutant plants which have no cryptochromes are also insensitive to changes in the magnetic field.

This is a nice piece in the puzzle, but nothing conclusive yet, of course.

The study shows for the first time that in plants, the work of the cryptochromes is affected by magnetic fields and suggests that the mechanisms of magnetic field perception in plants, and by extension in migratory birds, use the same photosensitive molecules. The researchers also suggest that, as cryptochromes have been strongly conserved throughout evolution, all biological organisms could have the ability to detect magnetic fields, even if they do not use them.”

The phrase “and by extension” worries me for the reasons I noted above.
As for all organisms detecting magnetic fields – yes, decades of research show that most can, from bacteria to, perhaps, even humans. However, this does not mean that cryptochromes are the magnetosensory molecules in all of them, or even that the radical-pair model of magnetoreception applies to all organisms.
It is well established that many organisms do not require the presence of blue-green light in order to orient by he magnetic fields. It is also known that many organisms, from bacteria through salmon to pigeons, possess miniscule crystals of feromagnetite. In bacteria, those form a chain running through the posterior medial line of the cell. In salmon and pigeons, they are embedded inside cell membranes of the dendrites of the trigeminal nerve.
So, cryptochromes may be involved in some way in magnetic sense of some organisms. Extrapolating any broader (i.e., it is the only mechanism; cryptochromes are the main element of the mechanism; this mechanism works in all organisms) is unlikely to be correct. So, the press release is hypoing the work beyond what it really shows. It is good. Actually, it is really cool. But the press release soured me on it.
For an excellent (and quite current) review of the topic, see this review (pdf) and for a moer lay-audience oriented, also quite current article, see this article on The Science Creative Quarterly.

Facebook Playing With Fire, Again

Facebook opening up to the masses:

Social networking site Facebook is to ditch its requirement that users must have a university email address, according to media reports.
Facebook required members to have a school or university email address, but added 1,000 approved work addresses in May allowing students that had graduated to continue to access the site.
Removing the need for approved email addresses will put the site in direct competition with other social networks such as MySpace, Bebo and Friendster.

My prediction – disaster. It will not just compete against MySpace, it will become MySpace without bells and whistles. What are people on Facebook doing these days (and I can see that via News Feed)? Removing all but the most basic information from their profiles. And that is in order to prev ent their “friends” to see what they are doing. With opening to non-college users, people will be deleting their profiles altogether.

The Future of Airline Security

Fly Paris Hilton Airlines:

Thank you all for being here. With the fifth anniversary of 9/11 upon us, the Federal Aviation Administration has been asked to project developments in air safety over the next five years. We thought this could best be conveyed from the perspective of a typical passenger in the year 2011.

Read the whole thing – it is hillarious, yet scary.

My picks from ScienceDaily

Genetic Surprise: Mobile Genes Found To Pressure Species Formation:

Biologists at the University of Rochester have discovered that an old and relatively unpopular theory about how a single species can split in two turns out to be accurate after all, and acting in nature. The finding, reported in today’s issue of Science, reveals that scientists must reassess the forces involved in the origin of species. The beginnings of speciation, suggests the paper, can be triggered by genes that change their locations in a genome.

General Mechanism Of Cellular Aging Found; Tumor Suppressor Gene May Be Key:

Three separate studies confirm a gene that suppresses tumor cell growth also plays a key role in aging. Teams from the medical schools at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, University of Michigan and Harvard University observed similar results in pancreatic islet cells and brain and blood stem cells.

Ocean Seep Mollusks May Share Evolutionary History With Other Deep-sea Creatures:

The unusual mollusks of oceanic cold seeps — strange clams, mussels and sea snails that thrive in the sulfur and methane-rich environments — are on average older than the marine mollusk community as a whole, according to a new report in the journal Science.

Study Illuminates How The Plague Bacterium Causes Disease:

The bacteria responsible for the plague and some forms of food poisoning “paralyze” the immune system of their hosts in an unexpected way, according to a new study in the Sept. 8, 2006, issue of the journal Cell, published by Cell Press.

Why Are There So Many Weeds In Your Garden This Year?:

Some years, no matter how diligently you pull, your backyard garden is always covered with weeds. Other years, with the minimum of effort, your garden remains weed-free. What is the cause of these oscillations? A group of weed scientists based at the Spanish National Research Council spent 15 years studying flixweed — a member of the mustard family commonly found in areas where the ground has been cultivated or disturbed — in an attempt to identify the processes underlying these fluctuations.

Health Effects Of ‘Functional Foods’ Featured During Four-day Symposium:

Scientists worldwide are discovering new and unexpected health benefits — such as protection against heart disease and cancer — from so-called “functional foods,” defined as those foods which provide health benefits beyond their basic nutritional value. More than 50 research papers on this topic will be presented during a four-day symposium, Sept. 10-13, in San Francisco at the national meeting of the of the American Chemical Society.

ERVs in sheep, though essential, do not make them smart

Remember this post from a couple of weeks ago? It was quite popular on tagging sites like Digg, Reddit and Stumbleupon. It was about endogenous retroviruses and their role in the evolution of placenta (which made the evolution of other mammalian traits possible).
Now, there is a new study in sheep, on this same topic, and it looks very good at first glance:
Researchers Discover That Sheep Need Retroviruses For Reproduction:

A team of scientists from Texas A&M University and The University of Glasgow Veterinary School in Scotland has discovered that naturally occurring endogenous retroviruses are required for pregnancy in sheep.
In particular, a class of endogenous retroviruses, known as endogenous retroviruses related to Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus or enJSRVs, are critical during the early phase of pregnancy when the placenta begins to develop.
—————snip—————-
The idea that endogenous retroviruses are important for reproduction in mammals has been around for about 30 years, Spencer said. Studies in cultured cells have shown that a protein of a human endogenous retrovirus might have a role in development of the human placenta.
The team blocked expression of the envelope of the enJSRVs using morpholino antisense oligonucleotides, which inhibit translation of specific messenger RNA. When production of the envelope protein was blocked in the early placenta, the growth of the placenta was reduced and a certain cell type, termed giant binucleate cells, did not develop.
The result was that embryos could not implant and the sheep miscarried, Spencer said.

Rich people sleep better

I’ve heard of this before, but now I see an actual study has been published:

There’s more to a good night’s rest than going to bed early. Sleeping comes easiest and lasts longest for the wealthy, white, and female. Reporting her findings in the June 1 American Journal of Epidemiology, health-studies associate professor Diane Lauderdale, AM’78, AM’81, followed the sleep habits of 669 Americans aged 35 to 50 and found that those with a yearly income of less than $16,000 spend longer in bed than those making $100,000 or more, but they sleep less because their “sleep latency,” the amount of time spent lying in bed awake, stretches to nearly an hour.

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Using both self-kept sleep logs and wrist-activity monitors, Lauderdale also discovered that people sleep less than they realize: although participants reported averaging nearly seven hours per night, measured sleep was only about six.

So, do rich people worry less? Are they more exhausted by the end of the day? Do they have more comfortable beds? Or do they have better sleeping conditions in their bedrooms, e.g., darkness and silence, with no TV or other people talking?
(Hat-tip: Jonah)

Kevin in China #20 – turtles and crocs and Steve Irwin

Kevin has only 5 more days in China so, apart from rain, various farewell dinners are keeping him too busy to do much collecting. Except, this time, it is a different kind of herping altogether, watching the alligators at a farm and diving for turtles.

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Don’t Know Much About History….

Don't Know Much About History....
A short personal post, first written here on August 13, 2005, then reposted here on January 16, 2006…

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Grand Rounds Vol.2, No.51

The newest edition of the medical carnival is up on Diabetes Mine. The theme is Celebrating Education.

Blogs starting with ‘R’ and ‘S’

The Periodic Table of ScienceBlogs continues.

Gorgeous Photos of the Cellular Slime Mold

Jenna was having fun with the microscope.

DonorsChoose

You may remember back in June when ScienceBloggers successfully raised over $30,000 for various science & math teaching projects in schools around the country. Now that the school year has started, the materials this effort helped fund are in use in classroom and we are all receiving e-mails of gratitude from teachers who often work with disadvantaged children in poor school districts.
If you wish, you can always continue adding to the funds for the science projects – just click on this button:

Alternatively, you may want to pick your own from around the country, or from a particular state. Since I am in North Carolina, and a number of my readers are local to me, here is a button for our state’s challenge:

Global Warming Remodelling Ecosystems in Alaska

Destructive insects on rise in Alaska:

Destructive insects in unprecedented numbers are finding Alaska forests to be a congenial home, said University of Alaska forestry professor Glenn Juday, and climate change could be the welcome mat.
Warmer winters kill fewer insects. Longer, warmer summers let insects complete a life cycle and reproduce in one year instead of two, the forest ecologist said.
Warm winters also can damage trees and make them less able to fend off insect attacks by changing the nature of snow. Instead of light, fluffy snow formed at extreme cold temperatures, warm winters produce wet, heavy snow more likely to break the tops of spruce trees, Juday said.

Brains of the Week

Encephalon #6, the neuroscience blog carnival, is up on Retrospectacle

When Should Schools Start in the morning?

When Should Schools Start in the morning?The fourth part of a four-part series on the topic, this one from April 02, 2006….

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More on sleep in adolescents

More on sleep in adolescentsThis is the third part of the series on the topic, from April 01, 2006…

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ClockNews – Adolescent Sleep

ClockNews - Adolescent Sleep
Here is the second post on the topic, from March 28, 2006. A couple of links are broken due to medieval understanding of permalinks by newspapers, but you will not miss too much, I hope….

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Sleep Schedules in Adolescents

Blogging on Peer-Reviewed Research

Sleep Schedules in AdolescentsEarlier this year, during the National Sleep Awareness Week, I wrote a series of posts about the changes in sleep schedules in adolescents. Over the next 3-4 hours, I will repost them all, starting with this one from March 26, 2006. Also check my more recent posts on the subject here and here…

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Obligatory Readings of the Day

Lance Mannion: It takes talent to make good schlock TV
Andrew Sullivan: The Rove Campaign
Paul Craig Roberts: Bush the Pitiful
The Nation: Bush Aims to Kill War Crimes Act
Publus: THE TWO 9/11s